@article { author = {Ebrahimi, Ramin}, title = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {2-3}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2021.39425.1174}, abstract = {The “Iranian Journal of Materials Forming (IJMF)” is an international open access journal in the fields of materials deformation and forming processes published by Shiraz University since 2014. The journal is pleased to receive papers from scientists and engineers from academic and industrial areas related to all manufacturing processes. In addition, all deformations, including the elastic and plastic behaviors of materials and deformations due to failure are considered in this journal. This journal has been a bi-quarterly issue so far but with the aim of increasing the publication speed of the authors' work, it will be published on a quarterly basis from 2021, making it possible to have 24 articles published per year.}, keywords = {deformation,forming,elastic,plastic}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5990.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5990_c512ddf230afd6c17d1b3f8bd3b9156d.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemi, S. J. and Roohi, A. H. and Kermanshahi, R.}, title = {Forming of Archimedean Spiral Bipolar Plates using Hot Gas Forming Process and its Characteristics Evaluation}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {4-13}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2020.36696.1154}, abstract = {Membrane fuel cells are considered as highly efficient energy generators that do not cause environmental pollutions. In this regard, bipolar plates are the main component of the fuel cells given that they have the following required characteristics; good flexural strength and high electrical conductivity. In the current study, some experiments have been carried out to investigate the forming process of Archimedean spiral aluminum bipolar plates. Thus, an experimental setup is designed and fabricated in order to make the process possible. Additionally, the effects of process parameters on the geometrical characteristics of the product are studied using a response surface methodology and as a result, the optimum values are specified. Thus, 5 different levels were considered for 3 input parameters. Experimental results show that gas temperature has the most significant influence on the channel depth and thinning percentage, whereas the time of applying gas pressure has the least effect. In fact, when the gas temperature increases from 200˚C to 400˚C, the channel depth increases from 0.28 to 0.84 mm. Finally, the optimum process parameters are specified as follows: gas pressure of 38 bar, temperature of 308˚C, and process time of 10 sec.}, keywords = {Bipolar plates,Hot gas forming process,Channel depth,Thinning percentage,Parametric Study}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5992.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5992_620fafbfcd85898cc0e3ef77bc332f3a.pdf} } @article { author = {Khodadadi, Majid and Khalili, Khalil and Ashrafi, Amir}, title = {Study on Manufacturing of Internal Gear by Flowforming Process and Investigation of Effective Parameters on Process Force}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {14-25}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2020.37889.1162}, abstract = {Flowforming is a plastic deformation process that is used to produce precise thin-walled tubes. Manufacturing of an internal gear through flowforming process is a new method by which the gear can be manufactured in just one pass. In the present study, the flowforming of internal gear is studied both experimentally and numerically. A simple set up was designed and built to manufacture the internal gear. The plastic behavior of the material was determined through tensile testing, and the friction condition was determined using a friction test. Parameters including profile and teeth height were measured and compared with simulated values. It is shown that there is a good agreement between the results of the simulation and those of the experiment. When the simulation is verified, the design of the experiment method is employed to investigate the influences of roller diameter, feed rate, thickness reduction percentage and attack angle on the process force. According to DOE results, all parameters and interactions are significant and affect the process force except D×T. The process force increases by increasing the roller diameter, thickness reduction percentage and feed rate, but decreases by increasing the attack angle.}, keywords = {Flowforming,Internal gear,Finite Element Analysis,Design of experiments,Optimization}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5993.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5993_a889d30694331aac3e7cab51ce5d896e.pdf} } @article { author = {Javanmardi, Mohammad and Ghlandari, Laleh}, title = {Developing the Cu/Sn Multilayer Composite through Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB): Investigating the Microstructural and Mechanical Features}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {26-38}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2020.38097.1165}, abstract = {In this research, multilayer Cu/Sn composites were produced for the first time with the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method using the commercial pure Cu and Sn sheets in up to eight cycles. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the Cu/Sn composites were studied during various ARB cycles by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental mapsand X- ray diffraction (XRD), as well as tensile and Vickers micro-hardness tests. The results revealed that the necking and rupturing of the layers take place after 2 and 3 cycles, respectively. The final microstructure consists of the uniform distribution of the hard copper fragments and wavy soft Sn matrix. XRD and FESEM results confirmed the formation of the intermetallic Cu6Sn5 compound after 6 cycles. The maximum tensile strength reached 290 MPa after one ARB cycle, which is around 1.4 and 13 times higher than that of the pure Cu and Sn, respectively; thereafter, it decreased and then increased up to 150 MPa in the 8th cycle. The hardness of the copper layers increased by rising the number of ARB cycles. The tensile fracture mode for Cu and Sn layers was ductile in all ARB cycles. Further dimples were observed in the copper layers.}, keywords = {Cu/Sn multilayer,ARB,FESEM,fractography,grain-refinement}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5994.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5994_658dfa3967cd28429e99506e81da0c24.pdf} } @article { author = {Nikzad, Bahman and Alimirzaloo, Vali and Doniavi, Ali and Ahmadi, Siroos}, title = {Strain Distribution in Equal Channel Angular Pressing of AM60 Magnesium Alloy}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {39-49}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2020.38264.1167}, abstract = {In this research, the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process of AM60 magnesium alloy was investigated by the finite element simulation as well as experimental test. The effect of process parameters on required force and strain distribution was also assessed. The simulation results were verified by the experimental tests. Using the full factorial design of experiments, effects of friction and process temperature were explored. The results indicated that an increase in the friction coefficient will significantly enhance the amount of pressing force (4-fold). Also, the effect of friction on process force was higher at lower temperatures and decreased with the rise of temperature. An increment in the friction coefficient from 0.02 to 0.08 raised the maximum strain by 9%. Furthermore, the maximum strain showed enhancement with temperature elevation.}, keywords = {ECAP process,Strain distribution,friction,AM60 alloy}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5995.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5995_a08d8853fd5e3f0ba03d8aafc314b491.pdf} } @article { author = {Tatar, Farzad and Mahmoudi, Amir-Hossein and Shooshtari, Alireza}, title = {Vibratory Stress Relief of Welded Austenite Stainless Steel Plates: Numerical and Experimental Approach}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {50-64}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2020.38036.1164}, abstract = {Residual stresses are one of the most important factors in the integrity of welded structures. There have been vast majorities of research conducted on the mechanism of vibratory stress relief method (VSR), but the lack of a specific mechanism, explaining the process, was tangible. Therefore, in this article, the mechanism of VSR was explained using a new finite element model by focusing on the welded residual stresses, being widely used in industry. To be more specific, the effect of resonant vibration on residually stressed specimens was investigated numerically and experimentally. To model the welding simulation, a volumetric moving heat flux was defined using Goldak’s model in Abaqus/CAE. In addition, experiments were planned in a way to investigate not only the effects of vibration time, but also the effect of amplitude of the vibration. Residual stresses were measured using Incremental Centre Hole Drilling (ICHD) method. Finally, a mechanical shaker was designed and assembled to induce higher frequencies and larger amplitudes.}, keywords = {Vibratory Stress Relief,modal analysis,Bead-on-Plate Welding,ICHD Measurement}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5998.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5998_e7c6edcb2e79e2237aaed26a055421d8.pdf} } @article { author = {Faraji Shovay, Towhid and Ghaemi Khiavi, Sina and Emadoddin, Esmaeil and M. Semnani, Hamid-Reza}, title = {Repetitive Upsetting Extrusion Process of Al 5452 Alloy: Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Investigation}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Materials Forming}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {65-74}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shiraz University}, issn = {2383-0042}, eissn = {2383-0042}, doi = {10.22099/ijmf.2021.38862.1170}, abstract = {In the last decade, the repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE) process has proved its potential in the bulk metal forming process in several investigations on severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes. The RUE process is currently being used to process bulk materials through grain refinement and consequently reaching better mechanical properties such as high strength and high toughness. Different process parameters affect the RUE process and the quality of the processed specimens. In the present investigation, the finite element analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS/CAE software to study the effect of die design on the RUE process, to find the minimum extrusion ratio for processing the Al 5452 alloy using the RUE process and determine the perfect height for the deformation zone in the RUE die. To that end, four cycles of successive RUE were performed on the Al 5452 alloy in the designed die. Microhardness distribution of the processed specimens was found to be more homogeneous and, by raising the RUE cycles, the average microhardness value in the processed specimens increased from 71.5 Hv (Non-cycle RUE processed specimen) to 145.1 Hv (specimen processed by 4 RUE cycles). It was also found that, by augmenting the RUE cycles, the compressive yield stress of the processed specimen increased from 136.622 MPa (Non-cycle RUE processed specimen) to 432.221 MPa (specimen processed by 4 RUE cycles).}, keywords = {RUE,SPD,Upsetting,Extrusion,Microhardness}, url = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5999.html}, eprint = {https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5999_ac269e970f7ff62828b5dbc0a38b5c0c.pdf} }