IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.4288 Research Paper A novel method for laser forming of two-step bending of a dome shaped part A novel method for laser forming of two-step bending of a dome shaped part Safari M. Arak University of Technology Farzin M. Isfahan University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Mostaan H. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran 01 10 2017 4 2 1 14 11 02 2017 24 05 2017 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4288.html

In recent decades, one of the challenges in sheet metal forming was production of two-step bending surfaces without mechanical tools and external force or by a combination of heat source and mechanical tools. Forming with a heat source such as laser beam has the potential for forming arbitrary 3D shapes such as two-step bending surfaces. In this paper a novel method for laser forming of complicated two-step bending dome shaped part is proposed. The initial sheets are made from mild steel with thickness of 0.85 mm. In this method, combination of simple straight lines leads to production of a two-step bending dome shaped part. The results of this paper show that the proposed method is a powerful irradiating scheme for production of two-step bending dome shapes with considerable deformations and symmetries. In addition, using an analytical study the mechanics of plate deformation is precisely investigated. All of investigations are performed experimentally and numerically and it is shown that numerical results are in good agreement with experimental observations.

 Laser forming Two-step bending Dome shaped part [1] Moradi, M., Ghoreishi, M., Torkamany, M.J., Sabbaghzadeh, J. and Hamedi, M.J., An Investigation on the effect of pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding parameters of stainless steel 1.4418, Advanced Materials Research 383 (2012) 6247-6251. [2] Moradi, M., Golchin, E., Investigation on the effects of process parameters on laser percussion drilling using finite element methodology; statistical modelling and optimization, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 14 (3) ( 2017) 464 – 484. [3] Khorram, A., Jafari, A. and Moradi, M., Laser brazing of 321 and 410 stainless steels using BNi-2 nickel-based filler metal, Modares Mechanical Engineering 17(1) (2017) 127-135 (in Persian). [4] Salimianrizi, A., Foroozmehr, E., Badrossamay, M. and Farrokhpour, H., Effect of Laser Shock Peening on surface properties and residual stress of Al6061-T6, Optics and Lasers in Engineering 77 (2016) 112–117. [5] Mostaan, H., Shamanian, M. and Safari, M., Process analysis and optimization for fracture stress of electron beam welded ultra-thin FeCo-V foils, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 87(1) ( 2016) 1045–1056. [6] Safari, M. and Mostaan, H., Experimental and numerical investigation of laser forming of cylindrical surfaces with arbitrary radius of curvature, Alexandria Engineering Journal 55(3) (2016) 1941–1949. [7] Safari, M., Mostaan, H. and Farzin, M., Laser bending of tailor machined blanks: Effect of start point of scan path and irradiation direction relation to step of the blank, Alexandria Engineering Journal 55(2) (2016) 1587–1594. [8] Ueda, Y., Murakawa, H., Mohamed, R.A., Okumoto, Y. and Kamichika, R., Development of computer-aided process planning system for plate bending by line heating (report1), J. Ship. Prod. 10 (1994) 239–247. [9] Jang, C.D. and Moon, S.C., Analgorithm to determine heating lines for plate forming by line heating method, J. Ship. Prod. 14 (1998) 238–245. [10] Yu, G., Patrikalakis, N. M. and Maekawa, T., Optimal Development of Doubly Curved Surfaces. Comp. Aid. Geom. Design. 17 (2000) 545– 577. [11] Ishiyama, M. and Tango, Y., Advanced line-heating processes for hull-steel assembly. J. Ship. Prod. 16 (2000) 121–132. [12] Hennige, T., Development of irradiation strategies for 3D-laser forming. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 103 (2000) 102–108. [13] Shin, J. G. and Lee, J. H., Nondimensionalized relationship between heating conditions and residual deformations in the line heating process. J. Ship. Res. 46 (2002) 229–238. [14] Kim, J. and Na, S. J., Development of irradiation strategies for free curve laser forming. Opt. Laser. Tech. 35 (2003) 605–611. [15] Liu, Ch., Yao, Y. L. and Srinivasan, V., Optimal Process Planning for Laser Forming of Doubly Curved Shapes. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 126 (2004) 1-9. [16] Zhang, P., Guo, B. and Shan, D. B., FE simulation of laser curve bending of sheet metals. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 184 (2007) 157–162. [17] Kim, J. and Na, S. J., 3D laser-forming strategies for sheet metal by geometrical information, Opt. Laser. Tech, 41 (2009) 843-852. [18] Chakraborty, Sh. Sh., Racherla, V. and Nath, A. K., Parametric study on bending and thickening in laser forming of a bowl shaped surface. Opt. Laser. Eng. 50 (2012) 1548–1558. [19] Safari, M. and Farzin, M., Experimental investigation of laser forming of a saddle shape with spiral irradiating scheme, Opt. Laser. Tech, 66 (2015) 146-150.
IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.22296.1062 Research Paper A SVM model to predict the hot deformation flow curves of AZ91 magnesium alloy A SVM model to predict the hot deformation flow curves of AZ91 magnesium alloy Rakhshkhorshid M. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, POBOX 97175-569, Birjand, Iran Mollayi N. Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Birjand University of Technology, POBOX 97175-569, Birjand, Iran Maldar A.R. No affiliation 01 10 2017 4 2 15 24 07 08 2016 10 12 2016 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4289.html

Abstract In this work, a support vector machine (SVM) model was developed to predict the hot deformation flow curves of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The experimental stress-strain curves, obtained from hot compression testing at different deformation conditions, were sampled. Consequently, a data base with the input variables of the deformation temperature, strain rate and strain and the output variable of flow stress was prepared. To develop the support vector machine (SVM) model, the overall data was divided into two subsets of training and testing (randomly selected). Root mean square error (RMSE) criterion was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the developed model. The low RMSE value calculated for the developed model showed the robustness of it to predict the hot deformation flow curves of tested alloy. Also, the performance of the SVM model was compared with the performance of some previously used constitutive equations. The overall results showed the better performance of the SVM model over them.

 Support Vector Machine Radial Basis Function Hot compression Flow stress [1] L. Yang, H. Hou, Y.H. Zhao, X.M Yang, Effect of applied pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91D magnesium matrix composites prepared by squeeze casting, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25 (2015) 3936-3943. [2] Y. Li, Y. Chen, H. Cui, J. Ding, L. Zuo, J. Zhang, Hot deformation behavior of a spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy, Rare Metals 28 (2009) 91–97. [3] K.U. Kainer, Magnesium—Alloys and Technology, Wiley-VCH, Germany, (2003). [4] S.J. Liang, Z.Y. Liu, E.D. Wang, Mechanical properties and texture evolution during rolling process of an AZ31 Mg alloy, Materials Letters 62 (2008) 3051–3054. [5] Y.C. Lin, X.M. Chen, A critical review of experimental results and constitutive descriptions for metals and alloys in hot working, Materials and Design 32 (2011) 1733–1759. [6] L. Gambirasio, E. Rizzi, On the calibration strategies of the Johnson–Cook strength model: Discussion and applications to experimental data, Materials Science and Engineering: A 610 (2014) 370–413. [7] Z. Akbari, H. Mirzadeh, J.M. Cabrera, A simple constitutive model for predicting flow stress of medium carbon microalloyed steel during hot deformation, Materials and Design 77 (2015) 126–131. [8] A. Abbasi-Bani, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, M.H. Pishbin, N. Haghdadi, A comparative study on the capability of Johnson–Cook and Arrhenius-type constitutive equations to describe the flow behavior of Mg–6Al–1Zn alloy, Mechanics of Materials 71 (2014) 52-61. [9] P.J. Zerilli, R.W. Armstrong, Dislocation-mechanics-based constitutive relations for material dynamics calculations, Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987) 1816–1825. [10] Y.C. Lin, M.S. Chen, J. Zhang, Constitutive modeling for elevated temperature flow behavior of 42CrMo steel, Computational Materials Science 424 (2008) 470–477. [11] D.L. Preston, D.L. Tonks, D.C. Wallace, Model of plastic deformation for extreme loading conditions, Journal of Applied Physics 93 (2003) 211–20. [12] H. Mirzadeh, J.M. Cabrera, J.M. Prado, A. Najafizadeh, Modeling and prediction of hot deformation flow curves, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 43 (2012) 108–123. [13] R.K. Desu, S.C. Guntuku, A. Balu, A.K. Gupta, Support Vector Regression based Flow Stress Prediction in Austenitic Stainless Steel 304, Procedia Materials Science 6 ( 2014 ) 368 – 375. [14] M. Rakhshkhorshid, A.R. Maldar, A comparative study on constitutive modeling of hot deformation flow curves in AZ91 magnesium alloy, Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 3(1) (2016) 27-37. [15] G.R. Ebrahimi, A.R. Maldar, R. Ebrahimi, A. Davoodi, Effect of thermomechanical parameters on dynamically recrystallized grain size of AZ91 magnesium alloy, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 2703– 2708. [16] M. Rakhshkhorshid, S.H. Hashemi, Experimental study of hot deformation behavior in API X65 steel, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 573, (2013) 37–44. [17] M. Shaban, B. Eghbali, Determination of critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a microalloyed steel, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, (2010) 4320–4325. [18] V. N. Vapnik, Statistical learning theory. In S. Haykin (Ed.), Adaptive and learning systems for signal processing, communications and control. John Wiley and Sons, (1998). [19] B. Lela, D. Bajić, S. Jozić, Regression analysis, support vector machines, and Bayesian neural network approaches to modeling surface roughness in face milling, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 42 (2009) 1082–1088. [20] C. Campbell, Kernel methods: a survey of current techniques, Neurocomputing 48 (2002) 63–84. [21] V.N. Vapnik, The Nature of Statistical learning Theory, Springer, New York, (1995). [22] A.J. Smola, B. Scholkopf, A tutorial on support vector regression, Stat. Comput. 14 (3) (2004) 199– 222. [23] F. Parrella, Online support vector regression, A thesis presented for the degree of Information Science, University of Genoa, Italy, (2007).
IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.4290 Research Paper The Effect of Hot Deformation Parameters on Grain Size Refinement in a Martensitic Stainless Steel The Effect of Hot Deformation Parameters on Grain Size Refinement in a Martensitic Stainless Steel Mohammadi Ahmadabadi R. Amirkabir university of technology Naderi M. Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Aghazadeh Mohandesi J. ِDepartment of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Cabrera J. Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, ETSEIB, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya 01 10 2017 4 2 25 36 29 04 2017 29 05 2017 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4290.html

The grain size refinement of AISI 422 martensitic stainless steel in the temperature range of 950-1150 ºC was investigated by hot deformation tests. The deformed specimens were held at deformation temperature with delay times of 5 to 300s after achieving a strain of 0.3. The austenite grains exhibit a considerable growth at temperature higher than 1050˚C, while the grain coarsening is negligible at lower deformation temperatures. Therefore, it is a difficult task to achieve a fine grain structure at these high deformation temperatures. In the second stage of this work, the grain growth behavior of the deformed alloy at temperature range of 940-1020 ºC was investigated to obtain a fine austenite grain in the final deformation step. A uniform and fine-grain structure, with average grain size less than 30 µm, can be obtained by considering the appropriate temperature and strain per pass. At 1020˚C a relatively fine and uniform recrystallized grain, mean grain size of about 28 µm, is obtained with an applied strain of 0.4, while at 980˚C after strain of 0.2 a nearly equiaxed grain with the same mean grain size is achieved.

 Hot deformation AISI 422 steel Grain refinement Recrystallization process [1] N. Vardar, A. Ekerim, Failure analysis of gas turbine blades in a thermal power plant, Eng. Fail. Anal. 14 (2007) 743–749. [2] N. V. Dashunin, E. P. Manilova and A. I. Rybnikov, phase and structural transformations in 12% chromium steel ÉP428 due to long-term operation of moving blades, Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 49 (2007) 123-129. [3] Ch. R. Brooks, J. P. Zhou, Microstructural analysis of an embrittled 422 stainless steel stud bolt after approximately 30 years service in a fossil power plant, Metall. 23 (1989) 27-55. [4] G. R. Ebrahimi, H. Keshmiri, M. Mazinani, A. Maldar, M. Haghshenas, Multi-stage thermomechanical behavior of AISI410 martensitic steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559 (2013) 520–527. [5] F. Chen, F. Ren, J. Chen, Zh.Cui1, H. Ou, Microstructural modeling and numerical simulation of multi-physical fields for martensitic stainless steel during hot forging process of turbine blade, Adv. Manuf. Tech. 82 (2016) 85–98. [6] J. P. Domblesky, L. A. Jackman, R. Shivpuri and B. B. Hendrick, Prediction of grain size during multiple pass radial forging of alloy 718, Superalloys 718,625,706 and Various Derivatives, Edited by E.A. Loria, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (1994) 156-165. [7] M. C. Mataya, D. K. Matlock, Effect of multiple reductions grain refinement during hot working of alloy 718, Superalloy 71 &Merallurgy and Applications Edited by E.A. Loria The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, (1989) 234-241. [8] G.R. Ebrahimi, H. Keshmiri, A.R. Maldar and A. Momeni, Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of 13%Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel under Hot Working Condition, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28 (2012) 467-473. [9] Zh. Zeng, L. Chen, F. Zhu and X. Liu, Static recrystallization behavior of a martensitic heat-resistant stainless steel 403Nb, Acta Metall. Sin.(Engl. Lett.) 24 (2011) 381-389 [10] Y. Cao, H. Di, R. D. K. Misra, X. Yi, J. Zhang, T. Ma, On the hot deformation behavior of AISI420 stainless steel based on constitutive analysis and CSL model, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 593 (2014) 111–119. [11] L. Chen, Zh. Zeng, Y. Zhao, F. Zhu and X. Liu, Microstructures and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of a Martensitic Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel 403Nb Processed by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45 (2014) 1498–1507. [12] G. Shen, S.L Semiatin, and R. Shivpuri, “Modeling microstructure development during the forging of Waspaloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 26 (1995) 1795-1803. [13] F. Chen, F. Ren, J. Chen, Zh. Cui, H. Ou, Microstructural modeling and numerical simulation of multi-physical fields for martensitic stainless steel during hot forging process of turbine blade, Advan. Manuf. Tech. 82 (2016) 85–98. [14] E. I. Poliak and J. J. Jonas, Initiation of dynamic recrystallization in constant strain rate hot deformation, ISIJ Inter. 43 (2003) 684–691. [15] E. I. Poliak and J. J. Jonas, A one-parameter approach to determining the critical conditions for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization, Acta Materi. 44 (1996) 127–136. [16] F. Ren, F. Chen and J. Chen, Investigation on Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Martensitic Stainless Steel, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. (2014) 1-16. [17] A. Dehghan-Manshadi and P.D Hodgson, Dependency of Recrystallization Mechanism to the Initial Grain Size, Metall. Mater. Trans. A (2008) 664-672. [18] K. P Raoa, Y. K. Prasad, E. B Hawboltc, Study of fractional softening in multi-stage hot deformation, Mater. Proc. Tech. 77 (1998) 166–174. [19] H. Mao, R. Zhang, L. Hua, and F. Yin, Study of Static Recrystallization Behaviors of GCr15 Steel Under Two-Pass Hot Compression Deformation, Mater. Eng. perfor. 24 (2015) 930-935. [20] A. I. Fernandez, B. Lopez, and J. M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, Relationship between the austenite recrystallized fraction and the softening measured from the interrupted torsion test technique, Scripta Mater. 40 (1999) 543–49. [21] H.J. McQueen and J. J. Jonas, role of the dynamic and static softening mechanisms in multiple hot working, Ameri. Soci. Met. 3 (1985) 410-420.
IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.24628.1076 Research Paper The Experimental and Numerical Study of Hexagonal Cutting Of AISI 316L Steel Round Bars The Experimental and Numerical Study of Hexagonal Cutting Of AISI 316L Steel Round Bars Ruin Aheli M. University of Hormozgan Mirzai M. A. University of Hormozgan Hemmati S. J. University of Hormozgan 01 10 2017 4 2 37 50 24 02 2017 30 06 2017 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4291.html

Cutting processes can be used in batch production of polygonal bars with special features. In this paper, a new form of broaching process for cutting of hexagonal bars from raw round bars is discussed. Due to lack of rolled or drawn raw material, the final product is made of AISI 316L stainless steel bars having appropriate initial size. In this method, a fixed die is used as a tool, and by applying pressure to the raw bar and passing it through the die, it is cut hexagonally. To study this process, different empirical tests have been conducted with different dies. Based on the empirical data, the process is simulated by finite element method. To determine optimal features of the tool, the simulation results in the design and development (i.e., tool making) stages have been used. Among the studied rake angles, the 15 degree angle can be introduced as the most suitable rake angle. In order to evaluate the amount of work hardening, micro hardness tests have been carried out. Quality of final surfaces of machined samples in terms of material and angles of the simulated dies were acceptable and experimental measurements indicated a slight increase in micro hardness of surface layers of the samples.

 AISI 316L stainless steel machining hexagonal cutting of bar broaching process simulation [1] Suchy, Handbook of Die Design Fundamental, Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1998. [2] J. R. Paquin, R. E. Crowley, Die Design Fundamental, Industrial Press Inc, New York, 1986. [3] P. Bagwell, J. Tryles, One-Pass Polygon, Cutting Tool Engineering Magazine 58 (3) (2006). [4] S.P. Lo, An analysis of cutting under different rake angles using the finite element method, J. Mater. Process Technol 105 (1-2) (2000) 143–151. [5] G. Shi, X. Deng, C. Shet, A finite element study of the effect of friction in orthogonal metal cutting, Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 38 (9) (2002) 863–883. [6] C. Maranhão, J. Paulo Davim, Finite element modeling of machining of AISI 316 steel: Numerical simulation and experimental validation, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory. 18 (2010) 139–156. [7] X. Kong, B. Li, Z. Jin, W. Geng, Broaching performance of super alloy GH4169 based on FEM, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27 (2011) 1178–1184. [8] W. Satana, K. Tuchinda, A. Tuchindac, S. Chutima, Computational Study of the Effect of Cutting Speeds on Tool Wear during Machining of AISI 316L Steel, Adv. Mater. Res. 622-623 (2012) 409–413. [9] N. Ben Moussa, H. Sidhom, C. Braham, Numerical and experimental analysis of residual stress and plastic strain distributions in machined stainless steel, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 64 (2012) 82–93. [10] N. Sawarkar, G. Boob, Finite element based simulation of orthogonal cutting process to determine residual stress induced, ICQUEST, (2014), 33-38. [11] D. Umbrello, R. M’Saoubi, J.C. Outeiro, The influence of Johnson-Cook material constants on finite element simulation of machining of AISI 316L steel, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 47 (2007) 462–470. [12] N. Camuşcu, E. Aslan, A comparative study on cutting tool performance in end milling of AISI D3 tool steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 170 (2005) 121–126. [13] M.N.A. Nasr, E.G. Ng, M.A. Elbestawi, Modeling the effects of tool-edge radius on residual stresses when orthogonal cutting AISI 316L, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 47 (2007) 401–411. [14] Erasteel, High Speed Steel. http://www.erasteel.com/,visited on 15.02.2015. [15] T. Mabrouki, J.F. Rigal, A contribution to a qualitative understanding of thermo-mechanical effects during chip formation in hard turning, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 176 (2006) 214–221. [16] M.H. Miguélez, R. Zaera, A. Molinari, R. Cheriguene, A. Rusinek, Residual stresses in orthogonal cutting of metals: the effect of thermo mechanical coupling parameters and of friction, J. Therm. Stress. 32 (2009) 269–289.
IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.26486.1091 Research Paper Two point incremental forming of a complicated shape with negative and positive dies Two point incremental forming of a complicated shape with negative and positive dies Safari M. Arak University of Technology 01 10 2017 4 2 51 61 25 08 2017 15 10 2017 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4292.html

In this work, incremental sheet forming of a complicated shape is investigated experimentally. Two point incremental forming with negative and positive dies are employed for manufacturing of a complicated shape with positive and negative truncated cones. The material is aluminum alloy 3105 with a thickness of 1 mm. The effects of process parameters such as sequence of positive and negative forming processes, step depth (incremental depth) and rotational speed of the tool on the maximum achievable outer and inner heights for the proposed specimen are investigated. The selected ranges for the step depth and rotational speed are 0.2 mm - 0.6 mm and 0-1000 rpm, respectively. The results show that both maximum achievable outer and inner heights of the specimen are increased with change of Positive/Negative variant to Negative/Positive variant. Also, the results prove that both maximum achievable outer and inner heights are increased with decreasing in the step depth and increasing in the rotational speed of the tool. An optimum parameter combination (Negative/Positive, step depth = 0.2 mm and rotational speed = 1000 rpm) is obtained to get the both maximum achievable outer and inner heights using the signal to noise ratio analysis.

 Two point incremental forming (TPIF) Aluminum alloy 3105 Design of experiments (DOE) [1] L.M. Lozano-Sánchez, A.O. Sustaita, M. Soto, S. Biradar, L. Ge, E. Segura-Cárdenas, J. Diabb, L.E. Elizalde, E.V. Barrera, A. Elías-Zúniga, Mechanical and structural studies on single point incremental forming of polypropylene-MWCNTs composite sheets, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 242 (2017) 218–227. [2] Y. Li, William J.T. Daniel, Zhaobing Liu, Haibo Lu, Paul A. Meehan, Deformation mechanics and efficient force prediction in single point incremental forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 221(2015) 100–111. [3] C. Raju, C. Sathiya Narayanan, Application of a hybrid optimization technique in a multiple sheet single point incremental forming process, Measurement 78 (2016) 296–308. [4] C. Raju, C. Sathiya Narayanan, FLD and Fractography Analysis of Multiple Sheet Single Point Incremental Forming, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 69(6) (2016) 1237–1243. [5] M. J. Mirnia, B. Mollaei Dariani, H. Vanhove, J. R. Duflou, Thickness improvement in single point incremental forming deduced by sequential limit analysis, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70(9) (2014) 2029–2041. [6] R. Bahloul, H. Arfa, H. BelHadjSalah, A study on optimal design of process parameters in single point incremental forming of sheet metal by combining Box–Behnken design of experiments, response surface methods and genetic algorithms, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 74(1) (2014) 163–185. [7] I. Bagudanch, M. Sabater, M. L. Garcia-Romeu, Single Point versus Two Point Incremental Forming of thermoplastic materials, Advances in materials and processing technologies 3(1) (2017) 135-144. [8] B. Silva, A. F., Martins, Two-point incremental forming with partial die: Theory and experimentation, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 22(4) 2012 1018−1027. [9] S. Matsubara, A computer numerically controlled dieless incremental forming of a sheet metal, J. Eng. Manuf. 215 (2001) 959–966. [10] A. Attanasio, E. Ceretti, C. Giardini, L. Mazzoni, Asymmetric two points incremental forming: improving surface quality and geometric accuracy by tool path optimization, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 197 (2008) 59–67. [11] G. Hirt, J. Ames, M. Bambach, Basic Investigation into the Characteristics of Dies and Support Tools Used in CNC-Incremental Sheet Forming, Proceedings of the International Deep Drawing Research Group Conference, IDDRG, Porto, Portugal, (2006) 341–348. [12] M. Vahdati, R. A. Mahdavinejad, S. Amini, M. Moradi, Statistical analysis and optimization of factors affecting the surface roughness in the UVaSPIF process using response surface methodology, Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing 3(1) (2015) 15-28. [13] O. Engler, Control of texture and earing in aluminium alloy AA 3105 sheet for packaging applications, Materials Science and Engineering A 538 (2012) 69–80. [14] Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., Probability and statistics for engineers and scientists, Second ed., Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (1978). [15] Hicks, C. R., Turner, K. V., Fundamental concepts in the design of experiments, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, New York (1999).
IJMF Shiraz University Iranian Journal of Materials Forming 2383-0042 Shiraz University 19 10.22099/ijmf.2017.24574.1075 Research Paper Influence of gas tungsten arc welding parameters on the formability of aluminum tailor welded blanks Influence of gas tungsten arc welding parameters on the formability of aluminum tailor welded blanks Safdarian R. behbahan khatam alanbia university of technology 01 10 2017 4 2 62 75 19 02 2017 25 10 2017 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijmf.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4293.html

Welding method and its parameters has an important effect on the formability and mechanical properties of tailor welded blanks(TWBs). In this study gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) is used to joint aluminum TWBs. Aluminum TWBs consist of 6061 aluminum sheets with different thickness of 1mm and 2mm. Main parameters of GTAW consist of welding current, pressure of shielding gas, welding speed and diameter of filler material are investigated. Design of experiment based on the Tauguchi method is used to investigate the effect of each parameter and also parameters interaction. Erichsen formability test which is an out-of-plane forming test is used for formability investigation of aluminum TWBs. Forming height of Erichsen test is used as a criterion to study the effect of GTAW parameters on the quality of aluminum TWBs. Results of present study shows that shielding gas pressure and welding speed have the greatest impact on the formability of aluminum TWBs.

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