Conjoint Influence of Heat Treatment, Hot Deformation and Cold Working on the Microstructure and Mechanical Response of a Co-Based Superalloy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran

2 School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Materials Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

4 School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

5 Department of Electroceramics, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

An as-cast HAYNES 25 Co-based superalloy is subjected to a process, including four stages of heat treatment, hot deformation, cold working, and aging. Mechanical properties have been improved after processing; the hardness, tensile and yield strengths are enhanced while the reduction of ductility is reasonable. The process has led to break down the segregated as-cast microstructure and has given a well distributed inter-metallic reinforced microstructure with no segregation. The grain structure also includes the approximately equiaxed grains with a large density of Σ3 twins. The results showed that as the hot deformation plays an important role in the grain refinement and microstructure homogenization, it should be considered as an important phase of the manufacturing process.

Keywords

References

[1] J. Sato, T. Omori, K. Oikawa, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Cobalt-base high-temperature alloys, Journal of Science, 312(5770) (2006) 90-91.
[2] R. C. Reed, The superalloys: Fundamentals and applications, Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 1-32.
[3] D. Ufukerbulut, I. Lazoglu, Biomaterials for Artificial Organs, Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 10-50.
[4] L.M. Pike, 100 years of wrought alloy development at HAYNES, International Mineral Metallic Materials Society, 15 (2014).
[5] A. I. H. Committee, ASM handbook: Heat treating, ASM International, 1991.
[6] M. Knezevic, J.S. Carpenter, M.L. Lovato, R.J. McCabe, Deformation behavior of the cobalt-based superalloy HAYNES 25: Experimental characterization and crystal plasticity modeling, Acta Materialia, 63 (2014) 162-168.
[7] W.S. Lee, H.C. Kao, High temperature deformation behaviour of HAYNES 188 alloy subjected to high strain rate loading, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 594 (2014) 292-301.
[8] Y.T. Zhu, X.Y. Zhang, H.T. Ni, F. Xu, J. Tu, C. Lou, Formation of {112¯1} twins in polycrystalline cobalt during dynamic plastic deformation, Materials Science and Engineering A, 548 (2012) 1-5.
[9] M.L. Benson, P.K. Liaw, T.A. Saleh, H. Choo, D.W. Brown, M.R. Daymond, E.W. Huang, X.L. Wang, A.D. Stoica, R.A. Buchanan, D.L. Klarstrom, Deformation-induced phase development in a cobalt-based superalloy during monotonic and cyclic deformation, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 385 (2006) 523-525.
[10] F. Fellah, G. Dirras, J. Gubicza, F. Schoenstein, N. Jouini, S.M. Cherif, C. Gatel, J. Douin, Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained fcc/hcp cobalt processed by a bottom-up approach, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 489(2) (2010) 424-428.
[11] M.L. Benson, P.K. Liaw, H. Choo, D.W. Brown, M.R. Daymond, D.L. Klarstrom, Strain-induced phase transformation in a cobalt-based superalloy during different loading modes, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528 (2011) 6051-6058.
[12] J. Favre, D. Fabrègue, E. Maire, A. Chiba, Grain growth and static recrystallization kinetics in Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni (L-605) cobalt-base superalloy, Philosophical Magazine, 94(18) (2014) 1992-2008.
[13] HAYNES® 25 Alloy, in: H.I. Inc. (Ed.) Heat resistance alloys at a glance, HAYNES INTERNATIONAL Inc., Kokomo, Indiana USA, 2008.
[14] J.R. Davis, A.S.M.I.H. Committee, Nickel, Cobalt, and their alloys, ASM International, 2000.
[15] A.S. Kurlov, A.I. Gusev, Tungsten carbides: Structure, properties and application in hardmetals, Springer, 2013.
[16] T. Liu, J.S. Dong, L. Wang, Z.J. Li, X.T. Zhou, L.H. Lou, J. Zhang, Effect of long-term thermal exposure on microstructure and stress rupture properties of GH3535 superalloy, Journal of Materials Science Technology, 31(3) (2015) 269-279.
[17] J. Teague, E. Cerreta, M. Stout, Tensile properties and microstructure of HAYNES 25 alloy after aging at elevated temperatures for extended times, Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, 35(9) (2004) 2767-2781.
[18] J. Favre, Recrystallization of L-605 cobalt superalloy during hot-working process, PhD diss., Lyon, INSA, 2012, pp. 239.
[19] S. Mandal, A.K. Bhaduri, V.S. Sarma, Origin and role of Σ3 boundaries during thermo-mechanical processing of a Ti-modified austenitic stainless steel, Materials Science Forum, 702 (2012) 714-717.
[20] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, Chapter 13-Hot deformation and dynamic restoration, in: F.J.H. Hatherly (Ed.) Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena (Second Edition), Elsevier, Oxford, 2004, pp. 415-420.
[21] B. Paul, R. Kapoor, J.K. Chakravartty, A.C. Bidaye, I.G. Sharma, A.K. Suri, Hot working characteristics of cobalt in the temperature range 600–950°C, Scripta Materialia, 60(2) (2009) 104-107.
[22] J.L. Sun, P.W. Trimby, F.K. Yan, X.Z. Liao, N.R. Tao, J.T. Wang, Grain size effect on deformation twinning propensity in ultrafine-grained hexagonal close-packed titanium, Scripta Materialia, 69(5) (2013) 428-431.
[23] Y.T. Zhu, X.Z. Liao, X.L. Wu, J. Narayan, Grain size effect on deformation twinning and detwinning, Journal of Materials Science, 48(13) (2013) 4467–4475.
[24] R.K. Gupta, M.K. Karthikeyan, D.N. Bhalia, B.R. Ghosh, P.P. Sinha, Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of refractory Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy, Metals Science and Heat Treatment, 50(3) (2008) 175-179.
[25] S. Zangeneh, H. Farhangi, Influence of service-induced microstructural changes on the failure of a cobalt-based superalloy first stage nozzle, Materials and Design, 31(7) (2010) 3504-3511.
[26] J.H. Shin, J.W. Lee, Effects of twin intersection on the tensile behavior in high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Materials Characterization, 91 (2014) 19-25.
[27] F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, Chapter 2-The deformed state, in: F.J.H. Hatherly (Ed.) Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena (Second Edition), Elsevier, Oxford, 2004, pp. 11-12.
[28] Committee AIH, ASM Handbook: Fractography, ASM International, 1987.
[29] T. Osada, N. Nagashima, Y. Gu, Y. Yuan, T. Yokokawa, H. Harada, Factors contributing to the strength of a polycrystalline nickel–cobalt base superalloy, Scripta Materialia, 64(9) (2011) 892-895.
Iranian Journal of Materials Forming
Volume 8, Issue 3
July 2021
Pages 34-45

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics