Designing of Conical Energy Absorber with Internal Pressure by Enhanced Vibrating Particle System Algorithm

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Energy absorbers convert kinetic energy into other forms, including the energy required for plastic deformation. They are designed to minimize damage during collisions and enhance passenger safety. Thin-walled structures—commonly used as energy absorbers—are manufactured in various shapes, such as cylindrical, square, and conical. In this study, three geometrical parameters including the diameter, thickness, and conical apex angle, along with the internal pressure of the absorber prior to deformation, were considered as design variables. The objective was to maximize total energy absorption, which includes both the energy used for plastic deformation and the work done by gas compression inside the absorber. To predict absorber behavior, a full factorial design of experiments (DoE) approach was used. The finite element method was employed to calculate the energy due to plastic deformation and the energy exchange under adiabatic conditions. Additionally, the energy due to gas compression inside the absorber was calculated. Subsequently, the optimal design was identified using the vibrating particle system (VPS) optimization algorithm. The results of the optimal design indicate a 16% increase in energy absorption capability for the conical absorber with internal pressure compared to a similar absorber without internal pressure.

Keywords

References

[1] Abramowicz, W. (2003). Thin-walled structures as impact energy absorbers. Thin-Walled Structures, 41(2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(02)00082-4
[2] Ha, N. S., & Lu, G., (2020). Thin-walled corrugated structures: A review of crashworthiness designs and energy absorption characteristics. Thin-Walled Structures, 157, 106995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106995
[3] Behrvan, A., SeyyedKashi, H., & Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2023). Optimal design and manufacturing of a cylindrical damper using time evolutionary optimization method. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 23(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.52547/mme.23.1.45
[4] Liu, W., Lin, Z., Wang, N., & Deng, X. (2016). Dynamic performances of thin-walled tubes with star-shaped cross section under axial impact. Thin-Walled Structures, 100, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.11.016
[5] Rong, Y., Liu, J., Luo, W., & He, W. (2018). Effects of geometric configurations of corrugated cores on the local impact and planar compression of sandwich panels. Composites Part B Engineering, 152, 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.130
[6] Sun, G., Chen, D., Huo, X., Zheng, G., & Li, Q. (2018). Experimental and numerical studies on indentation and perforation characteristics of honeycomb sandwich panels. Composite Structures, 184, 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.025
[7] Liu, J., Zheng, B., Zhang, K., Yang, B., & Yu, X. (2019). Ballistic performance and energy absorption characteristics of thin nickel-based alloy plates at elevated temperatures. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 126, 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.12.012
[8] Yahaya, M. A., Ruan, D., Lu, G., Dargusch, & M. S. (2015). Response of aluminums honeycomb sandwich panels subjected to foam projectile impact–an experimental study. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 75, 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.07.019
[9] Azarakhsh, S., Qamrian, A., Rizvani, & M. J. (2022). Investigation of different geometric parameters effect on axial crushing of thin-walled conical tubes. Tabriz Mechanical Engineering, 52(2), 212-203. https://doi.org/10.22034/jmeut.2022.37017.2596
[10] Jafarian, N., & Rezvani, M. J. (2019). Crushing behavior of multi-component conical tubes as energy absorber: a comparative analysis between end-capped and non-capped conical tubes. Engineering Structure, 178, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.092
[11] Souzangarzadeh, H., Rezvani, M. J., & Jahan, A. (2017). Selection of optimum design for conical segmented aluminum tubes as energy absorbers: Application of MULTIMOORA method. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 51, 546-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.07.005
[12] Azarakhsh, S., & Ghamarian, A. (2017). Collapse behavior of thin-walled conical tube clamped at both ends subjected to axial and oblique loads. Thin-Walled Structures, 112, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.020
[13] Nadaf Eskouei, A., Khodarahmi, H., & Sohrabi, M. (2015). Experimental and numerical study of conical thin shells collapse under dynamic axial loadings. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 15(7), 392-402.
[14] Nadaf Eskouei, A., Khodarahmi, H., & Pakian Booshehri, M. (2015). Numerical and experimental study of a diamond collapse of a thin wall tube energy-absorb with caps under dynamic axial loadings. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 15(2), 169-178.
[15] Shariati, M., Davrpaneh, M., Chavshan, H., & Allahbakhsh, H. (2014). Numerical and experimental investigations on buckling and control amount of energy absorption of stainless steel 304L shells with various shapes under axial loading. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 14(3), 60-68.
[16] Singace, A. A., & El-Sobky, H. (1997). Behaviour of axially crushed corrugated tubes. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 39(3), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7403(96)00022-7
[17] Song, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, G. (2013). Light-weight thin-walled structures with patterned windows under axial crushing. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 66, 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.11.014
[18] Alghamdi, A. A. A. (2001). Collapsible impact energy absorber: an overview. Thin-Walled Structures, 39(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(00)00048-3
[19] Tarigopula, V., Langseth, M., Hopperstad, O. S., & Clusen, A. H. (2006). Axial crushing of thin-walled high-strength steel sections. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32(5), 847–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.07.010
[20] Graciano, C., Martínez, G., & Gutiérrez, A. (2012). Failure mechanism of expanded metal tubes under axial crushing. Thin-Walled Structures, 51, 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2011.11.001
[21] Alavinia, A., & Liaghat, G. H. (2004). Dynamic crushing of thin-walled columns under impact of projectiles. In 12th Annual International Conference of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
[22] Yob, M. N., Ismail, K. A., Rojan, M. A., Othman, M. Z., & Ahmad Zaidi, A. M. (2016). Quasi static axial compression of thin-walled aluminum tubes: Analysis of flow stress in the analytical models. Modern Applied Science, 10(1), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n1p34
[23] Mohamed Sheriff, N., Gupta, N. K., Velmurugan, R. & Shanmugapriyan, N. (2008). Optimization of thin conical frusta for impact energy absorption. Thin-Walled Structures, 46(6), 653-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2007.12.001
[24] Pirmohammad, S., & Esmaeili Marzdashti, S. (2017). Studying on the collapse behavior of multi-cell conical structures and their optimization using artificial neural network. Scientific Research Journal of Mechanics of Structures and Fluids, 7(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.22044/jsfm.2017.5577.2363
[25] Abramowicz, W., & Jones, N. (1984). Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2(2), 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-743X(84)90005-8
[26] Alexander, J. M. (1960). An approximate analysis of collapse of thin-walled cylindrical shells under axial loading. Mechanical and Applied Mathematics, 13(1), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/13.1.10
[27] Chirwa, E. C. (1993). Theoretical analysis of tapered thin-walled metal inverbucktube. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 35(3), 325–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(93)90085-9
[28] Yamazaki, K., & Han, J. (2000). Maximization of crushing energy absorption of cylindrical shells. Advanced Engineering Software, 31(6), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-9978(00)00004-1
[29] Rahi, A. (2018). Controlling energy absorption capacity of combined bitubular tubes under axial loading. Thin-Walled Structures, 123, 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.11.032
[30] Elmarakbi, A., Long, Y. X., & MacIntyre, J. (2013). Crash analysis and energy absorption characteristics of S-shaped longitudinal members. Thin-Walled Structures. 68, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.02.008
[31] Mokhtarnezhad, F., Salehghaffari, S., & Tajdari, M. (2009). Improving the crashworthiness characteristics of cylindrical tubes subjected to axial compression by cutting wide grooves from their outer surface. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 14(6), 601-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588260902896466
[32] Wang, Sh., Weigang, A., Lin, T., & Han, X. (2022). Topometry optimization of energy absorbing structure through targeting force-displacement method considering tailor rolled blank process. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, (1), 7776866, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7776866
[33] Azarakhsh, S., Rezvani, M. J., Maghsoudpour, A., & Jahan, A. (2024). Inversion performance and multi-objective optimization of multi-component conical energy absorber with a spherical cap. International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 20, 877–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-023-09694-1
[34] Ayhan, A. O., Genel, K., & Eksi, S. (2011). Simulation of nonlinear bending behavior and geometric sensitivities for tubular beams with fixed supports. Thin-Walled Structures, 51, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2011.10.016
[35] Sheikhi Azqandi, M., & Ghoddosian, A. (2012). Optimal design of structural support positions using ICA and MFEM. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 50-59 (In Persian).
[36] Sheikhi Azqandi, M., Delavar, M, & Arjmand, M. (2016). Time evolutionary optimization: A new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, In Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
[37] Bijari, Sh., & Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2022). Optimal design of reinforced concrete one-way ribbed slabs using improved time evolutionary optimization. International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering, 12(2), 201-214.
[38] Bijari, Sh., & Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2023). CO2 emissions optimization of reinforced concrete ribbed slab by hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm (IDEACO). Advances in Computational Design, 8(4), 295-307. https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2023.8.4.295
[39] Safaeifar, H., & Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2021) Optimal design of the impact damper in free vibrations of SDOF system using ICACO. International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering, 11(3), 461-479.
[40] Hassanzadeh, M., & Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2023). Optimum shape design of axisymmetric extrusion die by using hybrid meta-heuristic optimization (ICACO). Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 13(4), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.22044/jsfm.2023.13213.3749
[41] Sheikhi Azqandi, M. (2021). A novel hybrid genetic modified colliding bodies optimization for designing of composite laminates. Mechanic Advanced Composite Structures, 8(1), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.22075/macs.2020.20281.1254
[42] Kaveh, A., & Ilchi Ghazaan, M. (2017). A new meta-heuristic algorithm: vibrating particles system. Scientia Iranica, 24(2), 551-566. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2017.2417
[43] Talatahari, S., Jalili, S., & Azizi, M. (2021). Optimum design of steel building structures using migration-based vibrating particles system. Structures, 33, 1394–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.05.028
[44] Kaveh, A., & Bijari, Sh. (2019). Profile and wave front optimization by metaheuristic algorithms for efficient finite element analysis. Scientia Iranica, 26(4), 2032-2046. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2018.20163
[45] Kaveh, A. (2021). Advances in metaheuristic algorithm for optimal design of structures (3rd ed.). Springer.
[46] Kaveh, A., & Bijari, Sh. (2018). Simultaneous analysis, design and optimization of trusses via force method structural engineering and mechanics. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 65(3), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.3.233
[47] Kaveh, A., Hoseini Vaez, S. R., & Hosseini, P. (2019). Enhanced vibrating particles system algorithm for damage identification of truss structures. Scientia Iranica, 26(1), 246-256. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2017.4265
 
Iranian Journal of Materials Forming
Volume 12, Issue 2
2025
Pages 29-41

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics