The effect of a New Hybrid Severe Plastic Deformation Method on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CP-Ti

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Faculty of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

In the present study, a novel combined process of severe plastic deformation (SPD) process was introduced, and its effects on the flow behavior, workability, and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium were investigated through a single-pass billet deformation. The process consists of three sequential stages: primary cyclic extrusion compression (CEC), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), and final extrusion. The results showed that the average hardness of the annealed, as-received specimens was 14 HRC on the section perpendicular to the movement axis. This value increased to 21 HRC, 26 HRC, and 29.5 HRC in samples processed by ECAP, CECAP, and the New CECAP process, respectively. These results demonstrate the superior effectiveness of the New CECAP process in enhancing hardness. Moreover, the findings revealed that the New CECAP process improves the strain distribution compared to CECAP and ECAP, with maximum strain increasing by up to 15% and 23%, respectively.

Keywords

References

[1] Levitas, V. I., (2019). High-pressure phase transformations under severe plastic deformation by torsion in rotational anvils. Materials. Transaction, 60, 1294-1301. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MF201923
[2] Ivanisenko, Y., Kulagin, R., Fedorov, V., Mazilkin, A. Scherer, T., Baretzky, B., & Hahn, H., (2016). High pressure torsion extrusion as a new severe plastic deformation process. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 664, 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.008
[3] Valiev, R. Z., Islamgaliev, R. K., Alexandrov, I. V., (2000). Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Progress in Materials Science, 45, 103-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00007-9
[4] Jiang, W., Cui, H., Song, Y., (2018). Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of titanium covered by various TiO2 nanotube films in artificial saliva‏. Journal of Materials Science, 53(6), 15130-15141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2706-5
[5] M. Kaur, K.Singh, (2019). Review on titanium and titanium-based alloys as biomaterials for orthopedic applications‏. Materials Science and Engineering C, 102, 844-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.064
[6] Chehrehsaz, Y., Hajizadeh, K., Hajizadeh, A., Moradi, L., Mahshid, S. (2021). Effect of ECAP on physicochemical and biological properties of TiO2 nanotubes anodized on commercially pure titanium. Metals and Materials International, 28, 1525-1535.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01003-9
[7] Indira, K. A., Mudali, U. K., Nishimura, T., & Rajendran, N. (2015). A review on TiO2 nanotubes: influence of anodization parameters, formation mechanism, properties, corrosion behavior, and biomedical applications. Journal of bio-and tribo-corrosion, 1(4), 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-015-0024-x
[8] Ensafi, M., Faraji, G., & Abdolvand, H. (2017). Cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing (CECAP) as a novel severe plastic deformation method for producing bulk ultrafine grained metals. Materials Letters, 197, 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.142
[9] Ahmadi, S., Alimirzaloo, V., Faraji, G., & Donyavi, A. (2020). A new modified cyclic extrusion channel angular pressing (CECAP) process for producing ultrafine-grained mg alloy. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 73(10), 2447-2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-02048-x
[10] Hajizadeh, K., Eghbali, B., Topolski, K., & Kurzydlowski, K. J. (2014). Ultra-fine grained bulk CP-Ti processed by multi-pass ECAP at warm deformation region. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 143(3), 1032-1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.11.001 
[11] Valiev, R. Z., & Langdon, T. G. (2006). Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Progress in materials science, 51(7), 881-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.003
[12] Valiev, R. Z., Kozlov, E. V., Ivanov, Y. F., Lian, J., Nazarov, A. A., & Baudelet, B. (1994). Deformation behaviour of ultra-fine-grained copper. Acta metallurgica et materialia, 42(7), 2467-2475. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90326-3
[13] Kawaski, M., & Langdon, T. G. (2018). Superplasticity in ultrafine-grained materials. Reviews on advanced materials science, 54, 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0019
[14] Zhang, J., Zhang, K. S., & Hwai-Chung, W. (2009). Experimental and numerical investigation on pure aluminum by ECAP. Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China, 19(5), 1303-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60442-2
[15] Patil, B. V., Chakkingal, U., & Kumar, T. P. (2010). Influence of outer corner radius in equal channel angular pressing. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 62, 714-720. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1135.4247
[16] Richert, M. W. (2006). Features of cyclic extrusion compression: method, structure & materials properties. Solid State Phenomena, 114, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.114.19
[17] Pardis, N., Talebanpour, B., Ebrahimi, R., & Zomorodian, S. (2011). Cyclic expansion-extrusion (CEE): A modified counterpart of cyclic extrusion-compression (CEC). Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528(25-26), 7537-7540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.059
[18] Amani, S., Faraji, G., & Abrinia, K. (2017). Microstructure and hardness inhomogeneity of fine-grained AM60 magnesium alloy subjected to cyclic expansion extrusion (CEE). Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 28, 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.06.007
[19] Ahmadi, S., Faraji, G., Alimirzaloo, V., & Donyavi, A. (2021). Microstructure and mechanical properties of AM60 magnesium alloy processed by a new severe plastic deformation technique. Metals and Materials International, 27(8), 2957-2967.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00889-1
[20] Ebrahimi, M., Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Zhou, H., & Li, W. (2023). Damping performance of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composites processed by cyclic extrusion and compression. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 11(5), 1608-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.07.024
[21] Ebrahimi, M., Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Zhou, H., & Li, W. (2021). Damping characterization and its underlying mechanisms in CNTs/AZ91D composite processed by cyclic extrusion and compression. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 821, 141605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141605
[22] Huang, H., Guo, M., Zhang, W., Zeng, J., Yang, K., Bai, H., (2021). Numerical investigation on the bearing capacity of RC columns strengthened by HPFL-BSP under combined loadings. Journal of Building Engineering, 39, 102266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102266
[23] Abdolvand, H., Faraji, G., Shahbazi Karami, J., (2017). Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 tubes fabricated by Multi-pass Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing. Journal of Ultrafne Grained and Nanostructed Material, 50, 16-22. https://doi.org/10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.03
[24] Pande, C. S., & Cooper, K. P. (2009). Nanomechanics of Hall–Petch relationship in nanocrystalline materials. Progress in Materials Science, 54(6), 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2009.03.008
[25] Altan, T., (2004). Cold and Hot Forging. American Society for Metals, 50-53
Iranian Journal of Materials Forming
Volume 12, Issue 4
2025
Pages 54-65

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics