The Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effects of Holding Force, Die Radius, Pin Radius and Pin Distance on Springback in a Stretch Bending Test

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The stretch bending test is one of the methods for forming metals, especially sheets. In this method, a piece of a metal sheet simultaneously undergoes compressive and tensile forces, thereby being converted into a curved piece with a great curvature. In the present research, springback was studied using a U-form die in a stretch bending test, and the experiments were performed on st12 steels through a laboratory set-up. Moreover, various parameters were investigated, including die radius, pin diameters, blank holding force (BHF), and distance between pins. The stretching depth was 10 mm. Not to mention, springback is affected by technical and geometric parameters. For example, the results of the present study revealed that increasing the pin spacing led to the reduction of springback and for more spacing, the springback tends to spring-go, additionally, it was observed that a rise in the die radius, pin diameters, and blank holder force resulted in the reduction of springback.

Keywords

References

[1] A. Adelkhani, H. Ebrahim, M. M. Attar, The Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effects of welding Angle on Forming Multilayered Sheets in U-Bending Operations, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 34 (2020) 239-244.
[2] D. K. Leu, A simplified approach for distinguishing between spring-bach and spring-go in free U-die bending process of SPFC 440 sheets, Materials & Design, 94 (2016) 314-321.
[3] S. K. Panthi, N. Ramakrishnan, A. Meraj, S. S. Shambhavi, M. D. Goel, Finite element analysis of sheet metal bending process to predict the springback, Materials & Design, 31(2010) 657-662.
[4] M. Samuel, Experimental and numerical prediction of springback and side wall curl in U-bending of anisotropic sheet metals, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 105 (2000) 382-393.
[5] Z. Q. Jiang, H. Yang, M. Zhan, X. D. Xu, G. J. Li, coupling effects of material properties and bending angle on the springback angle of titanium alloy tube during numerically controlled bending, Materials & Design, 30 (2010) 846-850.
[6] K. Mori, K. Aktia, Y. Abe, springback behavior in bending of Ultra-high-strength steel sheets using CNC servo press Abe, The International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufactur, 47(2007) 321-325.
[7] A, Mkaddem, D. Saidane, Experimental approach and RSM procedure on the examination of springback in wiping-die bending process, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 189 (2007) 325-333.
[8] S. W. Lee, Y. T. Kim, A study on springback in the sheet metal flange drawing, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 187 (2007) 89-93.
[9] R. K. Verma, A. Halder, Effect of normal anisotropy on springback, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 190 (2007) 300-304.
[10] L. Papeleux, J. P. Ponthot, Finite element simulation of springback in sheet metal forming, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 125 (2002) 785-791.
[11] W. Liu, Y. Yang, Z. Xing, L. Zhao, Springback control of sheet metal forming based on the response-surface method and multi-objective genetic algorithm, Materials Science and Engineering A, 499 (2009) 325-328.
[12] S. W. Lee, D. Y, Yang, an assessment of numerical parameters influencing springback in explicit finite element analysis of sheet metal forming procrss, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 180 (1998) 60-67.
[13] G. Liu, Z. Lin, W, Xu, Y. Bao, Variable blank holder force in U-shaped part forming for eliminating springback error, The Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 120 (2002) 259-264.
[14] K. P. Li, W. P. Carden, R. H. Wagoner, Simulation of springback, The International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 44 (2002) 103-122.
[15] D. K. Leu, A simplified approach for evaluating bendability and springback in plastic bending of anisotropic sheet metals, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 66 (1997) 9-17.
[16] J. Yanagimoto, K. Oyamada, Mechanism of springback free bending of high stretch steel sheets under warm forming conditions, Manufacturing Technology 56(2007) 265-268.
[17] M. L. Garcia-Romeo, J. Ciurana, I. Ferrer, Springback determination of sheet metals in an air bending process based on an experimental work, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191 (2007) 174-177.
[18] T. Serkan, K. Suleyman, O. Fahrettin, The effect of material thickness and deformation speed on springback behavior for DP600 steel. Advanced Materials Research, 264 (2018) 636-645.
[19] X. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Wang, J. Bao, S. Li, Effect of material-hardening mode on the springback simulation accuracy of V-free bending, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 123 (2002) 209-211.
[20] H. Y. Yu, Variation of elastic modulus during plastic deformation and its influence on springback, Material & Design, 30 (2009) 846-850.
[21] S. Jadhav, M. Schoiswohl, B. Buchmayr, Applications of finite element simulation in the development of advanced sheet metal forming processes. BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, 163 (2018) 109-118.
[22] S. Saravanan, M. Saravanan, D. Jeyasimman, Study on effect of springback on sheet metal bending using simulation methods, International journal of mechanical and production, 8 (2018) 923-932.
 [23] V. Gautam, V. Manohar Raut, R. Kumar, Analytical prediction of springback in bending of tailor-welded blanks incorporating effect of anisotropy and welded zone properties, Institution of Mechanical Engineering, 4 (2015) 1-13.
[24] E.H. Ouakdi, R. Louahdi, D. khirani, L.Tabourot, Evaluation of springback under the effect of holding force and die radius in a stretch bending test, Materials and design, 35 (2012) 106-112.
[25] F. K. Chen, J. H. Liu, Analysis of equivalent model for the finite element simulation of a stamping process, Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 37 (1997) 409-423.
[26] V. Nasrollahi, B. Arezo, Prediction of springback in sheet metal components with holes on the bending area, using experiments, finite element and neural networks, 36 (2012) 331-336.
[27] S. T. Atul, M. L. Babu, A review on effect of thinning, wrinkling and spring-back on deep drawing process, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233 (2019) 1011-1036.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics